Si definisce paralisi di Bell, o paralisi periferica idiopatica del nervo facciale, una paralisi o ipostenia monolaterale dei muscoli facciali. L’incidenza stimata è circa 53 casi su 100.000 persone per anno.
Il paziente sviluppa rapidamente debolezza o paralisi dei muscoli di un lato del viso. I sintomi hanno un picco nella prima settimana e si risolvono gradualmente in un periodo compreso tra tre settimane e tre mesi. La paralisi di Bell è più comune in pazienti diabetici e nelle donne nel terzo trimestre di gravidanza e, sebbene possa interessare persone di ogni fascia di età, il picco di incidenza è intorno ai 40 anni. Pur essendo considerata idiopatica è stata messa in relazione con infezioni virali.
La paralisi di Bell può essere causata anche dalla somministrazione di alcune vaccinazioni. La finestra temporale ritenuta valida per stabilire un rapporto di causalità è di otto settimane dall’immunizzazione con vaccini inattivati e tre mesi per vaccini vivi attenuati.
Da uno studio condotto nella Banca Dati USA VAERS è riportato che il 40% delle segnalazioni di Paralisi di Bell post-vacciniche sono insorte nei primi 3 giorni ed il 77% entro un mese dalla vaccinazione con vaccini antinfluenzali.
Anche la vaccinazione contro il meningococco, contro il papillomavirus (HPV) e contro l’epatite B possono determinare questa patologia…
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